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1.
J. bras. nefrol ; 46(2): e20230043, Apr.-June 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550487

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide and in Brazil. There is currently increasing concern about the effects of glyphosate on human health. The Brazilian Institute for Consumer Protection showed data on the presence of glyphosate in some of Brazil's most consumed ultra-processed products. Currently, regulations on the upper limit for these residues in ultra-processed foods have yet to be established by the National Health Surveillance, and ultra-processed food consumption is independently associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease. Methods: Since an unbalanced diet can interfere with kidney function, this study aims to investigate the effect of daily intake of 5 mg/kg bw glyphosate in conjunction with a balanced diet and the possible impact on renal function in rats. Kidney function, kidney weight, markers of renal injury, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Results: There was a decrease in kidney weight. The main histopathological alterations in renal tissues were vacuolation in the initial stage and upregulation of the kidney injury marker KIM-1. Renal injury is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Conclusion: This study showed changes in the kidney of rats exposed to a balanced diet with glyphosate, suggesting a potential risk to human kidney. Presumably, ultra-processed food that contain glyphosate can potentiate this risk. The relevance of these results lies in drawing attention to the need to regulate glyphosate concentration in ultra-processed foods in the future.


RESUMO Introdução: O glifosato é o herbicida mais utilizado no mundo e no Brasil. Atualmente, há uma preocupação crescente com os efeitos do glifosato na saúde humana. O Instituto Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor apresentou dados sobre a presença de glifosato em alguns dos produtos ultraprocessados mais consumidos no Brasil. Atualmente, as regulamentações sobre o limite máximo desses resíduos em alimentos ultraprocessados ainda não foram estabelecidas pela Vigilância Sanitária Nacional, e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados está indepen­dentemente associado a um risco maior de doença renal crônica incidente. Métodos: Como uma dieta desbalanceada pode interferir na função renal, este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o efeito da ingestão diária de 5 mg/kg pc de glifosato em conjunto com uma dieta equilibrada e o possível impacto na função renal em ratos. Foram avaliados função renal, peso dos rins, marcadores de lesão renal e estresse oxidativo. Resultados: Houve redução no peso dos rins. As principais alterações histopatológicas nos tecidos renais foram vacuolização no estágio inicial e regulação positiva do marcador de lesão renal KIM-1. A lesão renal está associada à produção aumentada de espécies reativas de oxigênio nas mitocôndrias. Conclusão: Esse estudo mostrou alterações nos rins de ratos expostos a uma dieta balanceada com glifosato, sugerindo um risco potencial ao rim humano. Presumivelmente, alimentos ultraprocessados que contenham glifosato podem potencializar esse risco. A relevância desses resultados está no fato de chamar a atenção para a necessidade de regulamentar a concentração de glifosato em alimentos ultraprocessados no futuro.

2.
Rev. Psicol., Divers. Saúde ; 13(1)abr. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551269

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A percepção e satisfação corporal têm sido amplamente estudadas em diversos públicos, principalmente em estudantes universitários; porém, existem poucas investigações com vegetarianos, sendo assim, torna-se necessário avaliar se o padrão alimentar vegetariano está relacionado com os fenômenos inerentes à imagem corporal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a percepção e a satisfação corporal entre estudantes universitários vegetarianos. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 123 participantes, no qual foram aplicados o Questionário de Imagem Corporal - BSQ (Body Shape Questionnaire) e a Escala de Silhuetas de Stunkard. RESULTADOS: Os dados mostraram que 86,2% dos participantes eram eutróficos (IMC=22,4±3,3), sendo o score obtido no BSQ foi de 84,6 pontos (±36,0) correspondente à leve insatisfação com a imagem corporal. Cerca de 82,1% dos estudantes se mostravam insatisfeitos com a silhueta, dentre estes, 61,4% desejavam diminuí-la. CONCLUSÃO: O padrão alimentar (ovolactovegetariano, lactovegetariano, vegetariano estrito e vegano) não se relacionou com a insatisfação corporal, mas sim o desejo de ter silhuetas magras que são valorizadas pelo padrão de beleza vigente.


INTRODUCTION: For Body perception and satisfaction have been widely studied among different publics, especially among college students; however, there are few investigations with vegetarians. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate whether the vegetarian eating pattern is related to the phenomena inherent to body image. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate body perception and body satisfaction among vegetarian college students. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study with 123 participants, in which the Body Image Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Stunkard Silhouette Scale were applied. RESULTS: The data showed that 86.2% of the participants were eutrophic (BMI=22.4±3.3), and the score obtained in the BSQ was 84.6 points (±36.0) corresponding to a mild dissatisfaction with body image. About 82.1% of the students were dissatisfied with their silhouette, and 61.4% of them wanted to reduce it. CONCLUSION: Dietary patterns (ovolactovegetarian, lactovegetarian, strict vegetarian, and vegan) were not related to body dissatisfaction, but rather the desire to have thin silhouettes that are valued by the prevailing beauty standard.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La percepción y satisfacción corporal han sido ampliamente estudiadas entre diferentes públicos, especialmente entre estudiantes universitarios; sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre vegetarianos, por lo que es necesario evaluar si el patrón alimentario vegetariano está relacionado con los fenómenos inherentes a la imagen corporal. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la percepción corporal y la satisfacción corporal entre estudiantes universitarios vegetarianos. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio transversal con 123 participantes, en el que se aplicaron el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal - BSQ (Body Shape Questionnaire) y la Escala de Siluetas de Stunkard. RESULTADOS: Los datos mostraron que el 86,2% de los participantes eran eutróficos (IMC=22,4±3,3), y la puntuación obtenida en el BSQ fue de 84,6 puntos (±36,0) correspondiente a una insatisfacción leve con la imagen corporal. Alrededor del 82,1% de los estudiantes estaban insatisfechos con su silueta, entre ellos, el 61,4% deseaba reducirla. CONCLUSIÓN: El patrón alimentario (ovolactovegetariano, lactovegetariano, vegetariano estricto y vegano) no estaba relacionado con la insatisfacción corporal, sino con el deseo de tener siluetas delgadas que son valoradas por el estándar de belleza vigente.


Subject(s)
Body Image , Students , Vegetarians
3.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 51(1)feb. 2024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550807

ABSTRACT

Diet therapy in conservative treatment of chronic kidney disease involves protein restriction, but there is not enough evidence to recommend a particular type of protein, whether animal or plant based. However, studies suggest that plant-based diets help reduce the consumption of total and animal protein, reduce the need for nephroprotective drugs, improve complications and bring advantages in terms of disease progression and patient survival. The article considers up-to-date data on the effects of this diet and observed that when low in protein, primarily vegetable and in some cases supplemented with ketoanalogues, it can result in positive clinical outcomes, such as: delay in the decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, lower concentrations of urea, reduction of serum creatinine and phosphorus concentrations, lower metabolic acidosis, higher insulin sensitivity and lower systemic inflammation. As a whole, this dietary pattern may be able to postpone the start of dialysis with less progression of renal insufficiency. Additional research is needed to better characterize this dietary pattern.


La dietoterapia en el tratamiento conservador de la enfermedad renal crónica implica la restricción de proteínas, pero aún no hay pruebas suficientes para recomendar un tipo concreto de proteínas, ya sean animales o vegetales. Sin embargo, los estudios sugieren que las dietas basadas en plantas ayudan a reducir la ingesta de proteínas totales y animales, disminuyen la necesidad de fármacos nefroprotectores, mejoran las complicaciones y presentan ventajas con respecto a la progresión de la enfermedad y la supervivencia de los pacientes. En este artículo se consideran datos actualizados sobre los efectos de esta dieta y se observa que, cuando es hipoproteica, principalmente vegetal y en algunos casos se complementa con cetoanálogos, puede dar lugar a resultados clínicos positivos, como una disminución retardada de la tasa de filtración glomerular, concentraciones más bajas de urea, concentraciones reducidas de creatinina y fósforo séricos, menor acidosis metabólica, mayor sensibilidad a la insulina y menor inflamación sistémica. En conjunto, este patrón dietético tiene el potencial de retrasar el inicio de la diálisis con una menor progresión de la insuficiencia renal. Es necesario seguir investigando para caracterizar mejor este patrón dietético.

4.
Rev. Nac. (Itauguá) ; 16(1): 16-26, Ene - Abr. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1537112

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el tratamiento nutricional está afectado por la conducta de los sujetos para generar adherencia. Objetivo: determinar factores que influyen en la no adherencia al tratamiento nutricional en pacientes hipertensos que acuden al Hospital Regional de Coronel Oviedo, 2021. Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal. La población estuvo comprendida por pacientes registrados en el Programa de hipertensión arterial/Departamento cardiovascular del Hospital Regional de Coronel Oviedo. Se estudiaron los datos sociodemográficos, los factores de tratamiento nutricional y el grado de adherencia al tratamiento nutricional. Resultados: participaron del estudio 206 sujetos, el 53,4 % poseía 55 años o menos y el 81,1 % fue del sexo femenino. Se pudo hallar que solo el 3,8 % de los pacientes se adhieren al tratamiento. La no adherencia al factor conocimiento estuvo relacionado con el bajo nivel educativo (p=0,032), al factor equipo de salud con provenir del área rural y tener un bajo nivel educativo (p=0,006, p=0,002), al factor paciente con provenir del área rural (p=0.002), ser de bajo nivel educativo (p=0,008) y poseer obesidad grado II y III (p=0,036). La no adherencia global estuvo relacionada a estar casado (p=0.001) y realizar trabajos domésticos (p=0,009). Conclusiones: la adherencia al tratamiento es baja en la población de estudio.


Introduction: nutritional treatment is affected by the behavior of the subjects to generate adherence. This study was carried out to determine factors that influence non-adherence to nutritional treatment in hypertensive patients who attend the Coronel Oviedo Regional Hospital, 2021. Methodology: this was a cross-sectional descriptive observational study. The population was comprised of patients registered in the hypertension department of the Coronel Oviedo Regional Hospital. Sociodemographic data, nutritional treatment factors and the degree of adherence to nutritional treatment were studied. Results: 206 subjects participated in the study, 53.4 % were 55 years old or younger and 81.1 % were female. We found that only 3.8 % of patients adhere to treatment. Non-adherence due to the knowledge factor was related to low educational level (p=0.032), to the health team factor with coming from a rural area and having a low educational level (p=0.006, p=0.002), to the patient factor with coming from a rural area (p=0.002), to have a low educational level (p=0.008) and to have obesity grade II and III (p=0.036). Global non-adherence was related to being married (p=0.001) and doing housework (p=0.009). Conclusions: adherence to treatment is low in the study population.

5.
Evid. actual. práct. ambul. (En línea) ; 27(1): e007117, 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS, UNISALUD | ID: biblio-1552325

ABSTRACT

Así como planteamos en la primera entrega de esta serie de artículos de actualización sobre la obesidad, resulta urgente revisar el abordaje tradicional que la comunidad médica le ofrece a las personas con cuerpos gordos. En este segundo artículo desarrollaremos en profundidad diferentes alternativas terapéuticas para los pacientes que desean bajar de peso:plan alimentario, actividad física, tratamiento farmacológico y cirugía metabólica. (AU)


As we proposed in the first issue of this series of articles, it is urgent to review the traditional approach that the medical community offers to people with fat bodies. This second article will develop different therapeutic alternatives for patients who want to lose weight: eating plans, physical activity, pharmacological treatment, and metabolic surgery. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Exercise , Bupropion/administration & dosage , Diet , Overweight/therapy , Bariatric Surgery , Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/agonists , Naltrexone/administration & dosage , Obesity/therapy , Body Mass Index , Bupropion/adverse effects , Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/administration & dosage , Healthy Lifestyle , Weight Prejudice , Food, Processed , Naltrexone/adverse effects
6.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 30: e2023_0266, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529914

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: In prolonged physical activities, water replacement and muscle glycogen content are limiting factors in marathon runners. Carbohydrate-loading (CHO) in the days prior to endurance competition is a commonly employed method to optimise muscle glycogen stores and optimise exercise performance. Since each gram of muscle glycogen binds ∼2.7-4 grams of water, water retention may occur during carbohydrate-loading diets. Objective: To evaluate differences between CHO loading strategies (Bergström and Sherman) on intracellular (ICW) and extracellular (ECW) water content. Methods: Twenty-three runners were randomly allocated to two interventions (Bergström and Sherman) in a crossover design. Participants underwent a baseline evaluation before 3 days of glycogen depletion followed by 3 days of carbohydrate loading with a washout of 30 days consisting of normal diet and training. Multifrequency bioimpedance (BIS) was used to assess ICW and ECW at Baseline, Post-depletion and Post-CHO to determine any differences between Bergström and Sherman protocols. Blood samples were also obtained to assess potassium levels. Associations between ICW and ECW and muscle glycogen were determined. Results: There were no differences in ICW or ECW content between the two interventions at any moment. There was an effect of time for ICW, with an increase from Post-depletion to Post-CHO without any difference between interventions. Plasma potassium decreased from Baseline to Post-depletion in both conditions. There was no difference in muscle glycogen content between interventions or moments. Conclusion: There were no differences in ICW and ECW content between the Bergström and Sherman interventions at any moment. Level of Evidence I; Tests of Previously Developed Diagnostic Criteria.


RESUMEN Introducción: En actividades físicas prolongadas, la reposición de agua y el glucógeno muscular son factores limitantes en los corredores de maratón. La carga de carbohidratos (CHO) en los días previos a la competencia de resistencia es un método empleado para optimizar las reservas de glucógeno muscular y el rendimiento del ejercicio. Cómo cada gramo de glucógeno muscular se une a ≈ 2,7 a 4 gramos de agua, puede producirse retención de agua durante las dietas ricas en carbohidratos. Objetivo: Evaluar las diferencias entre las estrategias de carga de carbohidratos (Bergström y Sherman) en el contenido de agua intracelular (AIC) o extracelular (AEC). Métodos: Veintitrés corredores fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos intervenciones (Bergström y Sherman) en un diseño cruzado. Los participantes se sometieron a una evaluación inicial antes de los 3 días de agotamiento del glucógeno, seguido de 3 días de carga de carbohidratos con un tiempo de "washout" de 30 días que consistía en una dieta y entrenamiento normales. Se utilizó bioimpedancia multifrecuencia (BIS) para evaluar AIC y AEC al inicio, después del agotamiento y después de CHO para determinar cualquier diferencia entre las dos intervenciones. También se obtuvieron muestras de sangre para evaluar el potasio. Se determinaron asociaciones entre AIC, AEC y glucógeno muscular. Resultados: No hubo diferencias en el contenido de AIC o AEC entre las dos intervenciones en ningún momento. Hubo un efecto de tiempo para AIC, con un aumento desde Post-agotamiento hasta Post-CHO sin ninguna diferencia entre las intervenciones. El potasio plasmático disminuyó entre el inicio y el post-agotamiento en ambas condiciones. No hubo diferencia en el contenido de glucógeno muscular entre las intervenciones o momentos. Conclusión: No hubo diferencias en el contenido de AIC y AEC entre las dos intervenciones en ningún momento. Nivel de Evidencia I; Pruebas de Criterios Diagnóstico Desarrollados Previamente.


RESUMO Introdução: Em atividades físicas prolongadas a reposição hídrica e o conteúdo de glicogênio muscular são fatores limitantes em corredores de maratonas. O carregamento de carboidrato (CHO) nos dias anteriores à competição de resistência é um método comumente empregado para otimizar os estoques de glicogênio muscular e o desempenho no exercício. Uma vez que cada grama de glicogênio muscular liga-se a ≈2,7 a 4 gramas de água, a retenção hídrica pode ocorrer durante dietas de carregamento de carboidrato. Objetivo: Avaliar diferenças entre as estratégias de carregamento de carboidratos (Bergström e Sherman) no teor de água intracelular (AIC) ou água extracelular (AEC). Métodos: Vinte e três corredores foram alocados aleatoriamente para duas intervenções (Bergström e Sherman) num delineamento em "crossover". Os participantes foram submetidos a uma avaliação inicial antes dos 3 dias de depleção de glicogênio, seguidos por 3 dias de carga de carboidratos com tempo de "washout" de 30 dias consistindo em dieta e treinamento normais. Utilizou-se a bioimpedância multifrequencial (BIS) para avaliar AIC e AEC na Etapa Inicial, Pós-depleção e Pós-CHO para determinar quaisquer diferenças entre os protocolos de Bersgstrom e Sherman. Também foram obtidas coletas de sangue para avaliar o potássio. Foram determinadas associações entre AIC, AEC e glicogênio muscular. Resultados: Não houve diferenças no conteúdo de AIC ou AEC entre as duas intervenções em qualquer momento. Houve um efeito do tempo para AIC, com aumento da etapa Pós-depleção para Pós-CHO sem qualquer diferença entre as intervenções. O potássio plasmático diminuiu entre a Linha de base e Pós-depleção em ambas condições. Não houve diferença no conteúdo de glicogênio muscular entre intervenções ou momentos. Conclusão: Não houve diferenças no conteúdo de AIC e AEC entre as intervenções de Bergström e Sherman em qualquer momento. Nível de Evidência I; Testes de Critérios Diagnósticos Desenvolvidos Anteriormente.

7.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469278

ABSTRACT

Abstract The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a medium-sized carnivore that occurs in different regions of Pakistan, however, still lacks scientific data on its ecology and distribution. The current study investigated the phylogenetic status and diet of the red fox (V.v. griffithii) occurring in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan. Through camera trapping and molecular analysis, we confirmed the occurrence of red fox in the study area. Based on mitochondrial cytochrome B (304 bp) and limited sampling, nearly all red foxes of Ayubia National Park and surrounding Himalayan ranges fall within Holarctic maternal lineage, whereas red foxes found in plains of Pakistan are part of the basal Palearctic maternal lineage. Using 32 scats, we found that red fox diet comprises of 80% animal-based prey species (both wild and domestic) and 19% plant matter. The wild animal prey species included Cape hare (Lepus capensis) and flying squirrel (Pteromyini sp.), which constituted 17% and 15% of diet, respectively. Red foxes infrequently consumed House mouse (Mus musculus), Himalayan Palm civet (Paguma larvata) and sheep (Ovis aries), each comprising around 6% to 9% of red fox diet. The fox species also scavenged on domestic donkey opportunistically. Based on our sampling, our study suggests that the red fox (V.v. griffithii) that occurs in Ayubia National Park and across the lesser Himalayan ranges belongs to Holarctic maternal lineage. The study also highlights consumption of plant seeds by red foxes, indicating it may play an important ecological role in seed dispersal in Ayubia National Park.


Resumo A raposa-vermelha (Vulpes vulpes) é um carnívoro de médio porte que ocorre em diferentes regiões do Paquistão, porém ainda carece de dados científicos sobre sua ecologia e distribuição. O presente estudo investigou o status filogenético e a dieta da raposa-vermelha (V.v. griffithii) que ocorre no Parque Nacional de Ayubia, Paquistão. Por meio de armadilhas fotográficas e análises moleculares, confirmamos a ocorrência de raposa-vermelha na área de estudo. Com base no citocromo B mitocondrial (304 bp) e amostragem limitada, quase todas as raposas-vermelhas do Parque Nacional de Ayubia e áreas circundantes do Himalaia se enquadram na linhagem materna holártica, enquanto as raposas-vermelhas encontradas nas planícies do Paquistão fazem parte da linhagem materna basal paleártica. Usando 32 fezes, descobrimos que a dieta da raposa-vermelha compreende 80% de espécies de presas de origem animal (selvagens e domésticas) e 19% de matéria vegetal. As espécies de presas de animais selvagens incluíram a lebre-do-cabo (Lepus capensis) e o esquilo-voador (Pteromyini sp.), que constituíram 17% e 15% da dieta, respectivamente. As raposas-vermelhas consumiam raramente ratos domésticos (Mus musculus), algas do Himalaia (Paguma larvata) e ovelhas (Ovis aries), cada um compreendendo cerca de 6% a 9% da dieta da raposa-vermelha. A espécie de raposa também se alimentava de burros domésticos de forma oportunista. Com base em nossa amostragem, nosso estudo sugere que a raposa-vermelha (V.v. griffithii) que ocorre no Parque Nacional de Ayubia e nas cordilheiras menores do Himalaia pertence à linhagem materna holártica. O estudo também destaca o consumo de sementes de plantas por raposas-vermelhas, indicando que pode desempenhar um papel ecológico importante na dispersão de sementes no Parque Nacional de Ayubia.

8.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469285

ABSTRACT

Abstract Dietary habits of bandicoot rats (bandicota bengalensis) were investigated in the agricultural crops of the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan by analysing stomach contents. The research activities were conducted in major field crops including wheat-groundnut and in the fallow lands during non-crop season at the field boundaries. The specimens were captured from the fields using kill/snap traps, and dissected to collect their stomach samples for laboratory analysis. Light microscopic slides of the plant material were recovered from stomach samples and the reference materials were collected from the field. Results revealed that the bandicoot rat predominantly fed upon cultivated crops during cropping season but consumed wild vegetation during non-cropping season. There was no significance difference between summer and winter diets. Most frequently consumed crop food items were wheat (Triticum aestivum; 28.57%), groundnut (Arachis hypogea; 11.26%), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor; 10.17%), chickpea (Cicer arietinum; 9.52%), maize (Zea mays; 6.49%), millet (Pennisetum glaucum; 5.84%), barley (Hordeum vulgare; 4.98%) and mustard (Brassica campestris; 4.98%). Among wild vegetation were consumed khbal gha (Cynodon dactylon; 7.79%), baron dhab (Demostachya bipinnata; 7.36%) and Prickly flower (Achyranthes aspera; 3.03%). The study concludes that, in addition to consuming wheat and groundnut crops, the Lesser bandicoot rat also subsists on grasses, weeds, and some fodder crops, as important component of its diet in agro-ecosystem of the Pothwar Plateau.


Resumo Os hábitos alimentares de ratos bandicoot (Bandicota bengalensis) foram investigados nas plantações agrícolas do planalto de Pothwar, Paquistão, por meio da análise do conteúdo estomacal. As atividades da pesquisa foram conduzidas nas principais culturas de campo, incluindo trigo e amendoim, e em terras de pousio durante a estação não agrícola nos limites do campo. Os espécimes foram capturados dos campos usando armadilhas kill/snap e dissecados para coletar suas amostras de estômago para análise laboratorial. Lâminas de microscopia de luz do material vegetal foram recuperadas de amostras de estômago; os materiais de referência foram coletados no campo. Os resultados revelaram que o rato bandicoot alimentava-se predominantemente de culturas cultivadas durante a época de cultivo, mas consumia vegetação selvagem durante a época de não colheita. Não houve diferença significativa entre as dietas de verão e inverno. Os alimentos agrícolas mais frequentemente consumidos foram trigo (Triticum aestivum; 28,57%), amendoim (Arachis hypogea; 11,26%), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor; 10,17%), grão de bico (Cicer arietinum; 9,52%), milho (Zea mays; 6,49%), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum; 5,84%), cevada (Hordeum vulgare; 4,98%) e mostarda (Brassica campestris; 4,98%). Entre a vegetação silvestre foram consumidos khbal gha (Cynodon dactylon; 7,79%), barão dhab (Demostachya bipinnata; 7,36%) e flor espinhosa (Achyranthes aspera; 3,03%). O estudo conclui que, além de consumir culturas de trigo e amendoim, o rato bandicoot pequeno também subsiste de gramíneas, ervas daninhas e algumas culturas forrageiras, componentes importantes de sua dieta no agroecossistema do planalto de Pothwar.

9.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e251410, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355887

ABSTRACT

Abstract Dietary habits of bandicoot rats (bandicota bengalensis) were investigated in the agricultural crops of the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan by analysing stomach contents. The research activities were conducted in major field crops including wheat-groundnut and in the fallow lands during non-crop season at the field boundaries. The specimens were captured from the fields using kill/snap traps, and dissected to collect their stomach samples for laboratory analysis. Light microscopic slides of the plant material were recovered from stomach samples and the reference materials were collected from the field. Results revealed that the bandicoot rat predominantly fed upon cultivated crops during cropping season but consumed wild vegetation during non-cropping season. There was no significance difference between summer and winter diets. Most frequently consumed crop food items were wheat (Triticum aestivum; 28.57%), groundnut (Arachis hypogea; 11.26%), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor; 10.17%), chickpea (Cicer arietinum; 9.52%), maize (Zea mays; 6.49%), millet (Pennisetum glaucum; 5.84%), barley (Hordeum vulgare; 4.98%) and mustard (Brassica campestris; 4.98%). Among wild vegetation were consumed khbal gha (Cynodon dactylon; 7.79%), baron dhab (Demostachya bipinnata; 7.36%) and Prickly flower (Achyranthes aspera; 3.03%). The study concludes that, in addition to consuming wheat and groundnut crops, the Lesser bandicoot rat also subsists on grasses, weeds, and some fodder crops, as important component of its diet in agro-ecosystem of the Pothwar Plateau.


Resumo Os hábitos alimentares de ratos bandicoot (Bandicota bengalensis) foram investigados nas plantações agrícolas do planalto de Pothwar, Paquistão, por meio da análise do conteúdo estomacal. As atividades da pesquisa foram conduzidas nas principais culturas de campo, incluindo trigo e amendoim, e em terras de pousio durante a estação não agrícola nos limites do campo. Os espécimes foram capturados dos campos usando armadilhas kill/snap e dissecados para coletar suas amostras de estômago para análise laboratorial. Lâminas de microscopia de luz do material vegetal foram recuperadas de amostras de estômago; os materiais de referência foram coletados no campo. Os resultados revelaram que o rato bandicoot alimentava-se predominantemente de culturas cultivadas durante a época de cultivo, mas consumia vegetação selvagem durante a época de não colheita. Não houve diferença significativa entre as dietas de verão e inverno. Os alimentos agrícolas mais frequentemente consumidos foram trigo (Triticum aestivum; 28,57%), amendoim (Arachis hypogea; 11,26%), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor; 10,17%), grão de bico (Cicer arietinum; 9,52%), milho (Zea mays; 6,49%), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum; 5,84%), cevada (Hordeum vulgare; 4,98%) e mostarda (Brassica campestris; 4,98%). Entre a vegetação silvestre foram consumidos khbal gha (Cynodon dactylon; 7,79%), barão dhab (Demostachya bipinnata; 7,36%) e flor espinhosa (Achyranthes aspera; 3,03%). O estudo conclui que, além de consumir culturas de trigo e amendoim, o rato bandicoot pequeno também subsiste de gramíneas, ervas daninhas e algumas culturas forrageiras, componentes importantes de sua dieta no agroecossistema do planalto de Pothwar.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Murinae , Pakistan , Crops, Agricultural , Zea mays , Feeding Behavior
10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 82(2): s00441779269, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550039

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Epilepsies are among the most prevalent chronic neurological diseases, usually beginning in childhood. About 30% of children with epilepsies develop seizures that are difficult to control with medication. Recurrent epileptic seizures hinder diet intake, impairing the nutritional status. Although non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., ketogenic diet therapy) can improve epileptic seizure frequency, few studies analyzed their impact on the nutritional status of children and adolescents with epilepsies. Objective The aim was to evaluate the effects of a ketogenic diet on the nutritional status and clinical course of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsies. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients under 18 years of age followed up at the Ketogenic Diet Ambulatory Clinic of the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira between December 2015 and December 2021. Socioeconomic, clinical, nutritional, and laboratory data were collected from medical records at different time points during the ketogenic diet. Results The sample comprised 49 patients aged between 5 months and 17 years (median = 4.4 years), mostly male (62.1%), and from Recife and the metropolitan region (51%). Underweight patients (BMI-for-age) improved their nutritional status in six months. However, patients who were normal weight and overweight maintained their nutritional status. Dyslipidemia was a common and short-term adverse effect. Moreover, the treatment decreased epileptic seizure frequency and antiseizure medication intake. Conclusion The ketogenic diet prevented malnutrition from worsening and reduced epileptic seizures and antiseizure medication intake.


Resumo Antecedentes A epilepsia, uma das doenças neurológicas crônicas mais prevalentes, tem geralmente início na infância. Cerca de 30% das crianças com epilepsia desenvolvem crises de difícil controle medicamentoso. As crises epilépticas recorrentes dificultam a ingestão alimentar, prejudicando o estado nutricional. Intervenções não farmacológicas, como a terapia com dieta cetogênica, podem melhorar a frequência das crises epilépticas, mas existem poucos estudos sobre a repercussão no estado nutricional da criança/adolescente. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da terapia cetogênica sobre o estado nutricional e a evolução clínica da epilepsia fármaco-resistente. Métodos Estudo tipo corte transversal envolvendo menores de 18 anos acompanhados no Ambulatório de Dieta Cetogênica do Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira entre dezembro de 2015 e dezembro de 2021. Dados socioeconômicos, clínicos, nutricionais e laboratoriais foram coletados nos prontuários dos pacientes em vários momentos da terapia cetogênica. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 49 pacientes com idades entre cinco meses e 17 anos (mediana = 4,4 anos), a maioria do sexo masculino (62,1%) e procedentes de Recife e região metropolitana (51%). Pacientes com baixo peso (de acordo com o IMC para idade) melhoraram seu estado nutricional em seis meses. No entanto, os pacientes com peso adequado e com sobrepeso mantiveram seu estado nutricional. A dislipidemia foi um efeito adverso frequente e de curta duração. Além disso, o tratamento reduziu a frequência de crises epilépticas e a dose de fármacos anticrises. Conclusão A dieta cetogênica preveniu o agravamento da desnutrição e reduziu as crises epilépticas e a dosagem de fármacos anticrises.

11.
São Paulo med. j ; 142(1): e2022629, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1509216

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The identification and understanding of dietary factors and other characteristics that influence gestational weight gain can contribute to the formulation of strategies to promote healthy eating habits before and during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between dietary patterns, sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, and health-related behaviors in pregnant women. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted on women undergoing prenatal care in the Unified Health System of Colombo, Paraná, Brazil, from February 2018 to September 2019. METHOD: A weekly food frequency questionnaire was administered, and dietary patterns were identified through factor analysis. Median regression models were constructed to identify the associations between dietary pattern scores and variables. RESULTS: Complete data were obtained from 495 pregnant women. Three dietary patterns were identified: 1) "healthy," with higher factor loadings for the weekly consumption of raw vegetables, cooked vegetables, and fresh fruits; 2) "Western," including soft drinks or artificial juice, candies, milk, and dairy products, and processed cold meat; and 3) "traditional," beans and meat. Pregnant women aged 30 years or older (coefficient [Coef.] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38-1.33) with moderate/intense physical activity (Coef. 0.32, 95% CI 0.02-0.62) had higher adherence to the "healthy" pattern. Adolescents and smokers adhered more to the "traditional" pattern (Coef. 0.17, 95% CI 0.01-0.33). CONCLUSION: Age, smoking status, and physical activity were associated with dietary patterns in pregnant women.

12.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 29(1): e14712022, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528325

ABSTRACT

Abstract Longitudinal study, whose objective was to present a better strategy and statistical methods, and demonstrate its use with the data across the 2013-2015 period in schoolchildren aged 7 to 11 years, covered with the same food questionnaire (WebCAAFE) survey in Florianopolis, southern Brazil. Six meals/snacks and 32 foods/beverages yielded 192 possible combinations denominated meal/snack-Specific Food/beverage item (MSFIs). LASSO algorithm (LASSO-logistic regression) was used to determine the MSFIs predictive of overweight/obesity, and then binary (logistic) regression was used to further analyze a subset of these variables. Late breakfast, lunch and dinner were all associated with increased overweight/obesity risk, as was an anticipated lunch. Time-of-day or meal-tagged food/beverage intake result in large number of variables whose predictive patterns regarding weight status can be analyzed by machine learning such as LASSO, which in turn may identify the patterns not amenable to other popular statistical methods such as binary logistic regression.


Resumo Estudo longitudinal cujo objetivo foi apresentar melhores estratégia e métodos estatísticos e demonstrar sua utilização com os dados do período 2013-2015 em escolares de 7 a 11 anos, contemplados com o mesmo questionário alimentar (WebCAAFE) em Florianópolis, Sul do Brasil. Seis refeições/lanches e 32 alimentos/bebidas resultaram em 192 combinações possíveis denominadas item refeição/lanche-alimentos/bebidas específicos (MSFIs). O algoritmo LASSO (LASSO-regressão logística) foi usado para determinar os MSFIs preditivos de sobrepeso/obesidade e, em seguida, a regressão binária (logística) foi usada para analisar um subconjunto dessas variáveis. Café da manhã, almoço e jantar tardios foram todos associados ao aumento do risco de sobrepeso/obesidade, assim como um almoço antecipado. O consumo de alimentos/bebidas marcados na hora do dia ou na refeição resulta em um grande número de variáveis ​​cujos padrões preditivos em relação ao status do peso podem ser analisados ​​por LASSO. Essa análise pode identificar os padrões não passíveis de outros métodos estatísticos populares, como a regressão logística binária.

13.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 27(2): 740-794, Maio-Ago. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424949

ABSTRACT

A imaturidade do sistema imunológico, associado a Determinantes Sociais de Saúde (DSS), promove doenças na infância. Especificamente, na cavidade oral, os DSS, representados pelo consumo elevado de açúcar, limitado acesso aos serviços de saúde e deficiência na higiene bucal, favorecem transtornos locais e sistêmicos. Assim, o estudo objetivou associar os DSS, no contexto das condições socioeconômicas, do acompanhamento pelo serviço de saúde e dos aspectos relacionados à saúde bucal de crianças atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de um município cearense. Trata-se de estudo observacional, analítico, transversal e de abordagem quantitativa, conduzido com crianças e suas mães em Acarape - CE. Após consentimento, essas preencheram um questionário. Os dados foram analisados. Das 70 mães, 87,14% e 90,00% tinham idade inferior ou igual a 30 anos e renda de até um salário mínimo, respectivamente. Das 70 crianças, 87,14% tinham seus dentes/gengiva higienizados por seus pais ou responsável. Do total, 94,29% nunca se submeteram a atendimento odontológico. Observou-se associação significativa entre a mãe ter escolaridade superior ao ensino fundamental incompleto e higienizar os dentes/gengiva do filho com escova dental e dentifrício. Constatou-se associação significativa entre a criança ingerir bolacha doce/recheada, não consumir refrigerante e usar escova dental e dentifrício na higienização oral. Conclui-se que as crianças eram acompanhadas nas UBS regularmente; no entanto, esse serviço não esteve relacionado ao atendimento odontológico. Apesar da ausência desse tipo de acompanhamento e do consumo de alimentos cariogênicos, as mães se preocupavam com a saúde bucal das crianças, higienizando a cavidade oral diariamente, com meios adequados.


The immaturity of the immune system, associated with Social Determi- nants of Health (SDH), promotes diseases in childhood. Specifically, in the oral cavity, SDH, represented by high sugar consumption, limited access to health services, and poor oral hygiene, favors local and systemic disorders. Thus, the study aimed to associate the SDH, in the context of socioeconomic conditions, monitoring by the health service and aspects related to children's oral health assisted in Basic Health Units (BHU) of a muni- cipality in Ceará. This is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with a quan- titative approach conducted with children and their mothers in Acarape - CE. After con- sent, they filled out a questionnaire. Data were analyzed. Of the 70 mothers, 87.14% and 90.00% were aged less than or equal to 30 years and had income up to one minimum wage, respectively. Of the 70 children, 87.14% had their teeth/gums cleaned by their pa- rents or guardian. Of the total, 94.29% never underwent dental care. There was a signifi- cant association between the mother having higher education than incomplete elementary school and cleaning the child's teeth/gums with a toothbrush and toothpaste. A significant association was found between the child eating sweet/stuffed biscuits, not consuming soft drink, and using a toothbrush and dentifrice for oral hygiene. It is concluded that the chil- dren were regularly monitored at the BHU; however, this service was not related to dental care. Despite the absence of this type of follow-up and the consumption of cariogenic foods, the mothers were concerned about their children's oral health, cleaning the oral cavity daily with adequate means.


La inmadurez del sistema inmunológico, asociada a los Determinantes So- ciales de la Salud (DSS), promueve enfermedades en la infancia. Específicamente, en la cavidad bucal, los DSS, representados por el alto consumo de azúcar, el acceso limitado a los servicios de salud y la mala higiene bucal, favorecen los trastornos locales y sisté- micos. Así, el estudio tuvo como objetivo asociar el DSS, en el contexto de las condicio- nes socioeconómicas, el seguimiento por el servicio de salud y los aspectos relacionados con la salud bucal de los niños atendidos en las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS) de un municipio de Ceará. Se trata de un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal con enfo- que cuantitativo, realizado con niños y sus madres en Acarape ­ CE. Después del consen- timiento, completaron un cuestionario. Los datos fueron analizados. De las 70 madres, 87,14% y 90,00% tenían edad menor o igual a 30 años e ingresos hasta un salario mínimo, respectivamente. De los 70 niños, al 87,14% se les limpió los dientes/encías por sus pa- dres o tutores. Del total, el 94,29% nunca realizó atención odontológica. Hubo una aso- ciación significativa entre la madre con educación superior a la primaria incompleta y la limpieza de los dientes/encías del niño con cepillo y pasta dental. Se encontró una asoci- ación significativa entre el niño que come galletas dulces/rellenas, no consume gaseosas y usa cepillo de dientes y dentífrico para la higiene bucal. Se concluyó que los niños eran monitoreados periódicamente en la UBS; sin embargo, este servicio no estaba relacionado con el cuidado dental. A pesar de la ausencia de este tipo de seguimiento y del consumo de alimentos cariogénicos, las madres se preocupan por la salud bucal de sus hijos, reali- zando la limpieza de la cavidad bucal diariamente, con medios adecuados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Oral Hygiene/instrumentation , Cariogenic Agents/analysis , Child Care/supply & distribution , Unified Health System , Candy , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Dental Care/instrumentation , Health Services Accessibility , Mothers
14.
Rev. mex. trastor. aliment ; 13(2): 145-155, jul.-dic. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1530225

ABSTRACT

Resumen El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar la efectividad de la entrevista motivacional en la consulta de nutrición sobre indicadores de riesgo cardiometabólico en pacientes con trastorno bipolar. Se realizó un estudio experimental en que el grupo control recibió orientación nutricional basada en planes de alimentación y el grupo de intervención recibió consulta nutricional incorporando los principios y habilidades de la entrevista motivacional. Los participantes fueron seguidos por tres meses y se realizaron evaluaciones de hábitos alimenticios, actividad física, riesgo cardiometabólico, composición corporal y calidad de vida. El grupo de entrevista motivacional redujo el consumo de carnes (B=-0.45, p=0.032) y embutidos (B=-0.60, p=0.002). Asimismo, la presión arterial diastólica (B=-6.97, p=0.029) y glucemia (B=-9.27, p=0.097) de estos pacientes tendieron a disminuir. La entrevista motivacional promueve cambios que pueden hacer una diferencia clínica; aun en reducidos periodos de tiempo. Los nutriólogos capacitados para su implementación disponen de una herramienta adicional para el manejo de comorbilidad cardiometabólica en población vulnerable.


Abstract The purpose of this work was to assess the effectiveness of the motivational interviewing in the nutrition consultation on indicators of cardiometabolic risk in patients with bipolar disorder. An experimental study was conducted in which the control group receives nutritional guidance based on feeding plans and the intervention group received nutritional consultation incorporating the principles and skills of the motivational interviewing. Participants were followed by three months and evaluations of eating habits, physical activity, cardiometabolic risk, body composition and quality of life were carried out. The motivational interviewing group reduced the consumption of meats (B=-0.45, p=0.032) and sausages (B=-0.60, p=0.002). Likewise, the diastolic blood pressure (B=-6.97, p=0.029) and glycemia (B=-9.27, p=0.097) of these patients tended to decrease. Motivational interviewing promotes changes that can make a clinical difference, even in short periods of time. Nutritionists trained for its implementation have an additional tool for the management of cardiometabolic comorbidity in a vulnerable population.

15.
Rev. salud pública Parag ; 13(3)dic. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1551036

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La calidad de la dieta se refiere a la composición nutricional y equilibrio de los alimentos consumidos, lo que puede influir en la salud y bienestar a largo plazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad de la dieta y el estado nutricional en estudiantes de una universidad pública de Paraguay. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo realizado en estudiantes universitarios. Se recolectaron dos recordatorios de 24 horas en días no consecutivos, mediante metodología de pasos múltiples, para clasificar la calidad de la dieta (muy baja, baja, moderada, buena) de acuerdo con el índice de calidad de la dieta (DQI). Se tomaron medidas antropométricas (peso talla, circunferencia de cintura) y de composición corporal, para determinar el estado nutricional. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y pruebas estadísticas como Chi2 y prueba exacta de Fisher. El protocolo fue aprobado por la Dirección de Investigaciones, UNA_FCM_DI N° 262/2021. Resultados: Participaron 39 estudiantes universitarios, de los cuales 31 eran mujeres. El 64,1% tenía menos de 25 años y 21 (53,8%) estaban en carreras de salud. Se observó que el 64,1% de los estudiantes tenían una baja o muy baja calidad de la dieta, el 33,3% una calidad moderada y el 2,6% una calidad buena. Además, 17 estudiantes presentaron exceso de peso (43,6%) y 19 se encontraban en normopeso (48,7%). Se destacó que el 68,2% de los estudiantes sin exceso de peso tenían una dieta de baja o muy baja calidad. Conclusión: Los estudiantes universitarios evaluados en este estudio presentaron baja calidad de la dieta y desequilibrio en el aporte de macronutrientes. A pesar de esto, el estado nutricional más frecuente fue el normopeso. Se destaca la importancia de promover intervenciones para mejorar la calidad de la dieta y fomentar hábitos saludables en esta población.


Introduction: Diet quality refers to the nutritional composition and balance of the consumed foods, which can influence health and well-being in the long term. This study aimed to evaluate the diet quality and nutritional status among students at a public university in Paraguay. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among university students. Two 24-hour recalls were collected on non-consecutive days, using the multi-step methodology, to classify diet quality (very low, low, moderate, good) according to the Diet Quality Index (DQI). Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) and body composition were taken to determine the nutritional status. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests such as Chi2 and Fisher's exact test were used. The protocol was verified by the Research Directorate, UNA_FCM_DI N° 262/2021. Results: 39 university students participated, of which 31 were females. 64,1% were under 25 years old and 21 (53,8%) were enrolled in health-related careers. It was observed that 64,1% of the students had poor or very poor diet quality, 33,3% had moderate quality and 2.6% a good quality. Additionally, 17 students were overweight (43,6%) and 19 were within the normal weight range (48,7%). It was highlighted that 68,2% of the students with no excess weight had a diet of poor or very poor quality. Conclusion: The university students evaluated in this study presented poor diet quality and imbalance in macronutrients intake. Despite this, the most frequent nutritional status was within the normal weight range. The importance of promoting interventions to improve diet quality and promote healthy habits in this population is highlighted.

16.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 31: e3959, ene.-dic. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1450105

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, al igual que su asociación con el tiempo de pantalla, la dieta y la actividad física, en una cohorte de estudiantes de enfermería. Método: estudio descriptivo y transversal sobre una muestra de 648 estudiantes de enfermería. Se utilizaron la Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, la versión corta del International Physical Activity Questionnaire y el Índice de Alimentación Saludable español. Se llevaron a cabo diferentes modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para analizar la asociación entre los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, y el tiempo de pantalla, la dieta y la actividad física. Resultados: la prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión fue de 24,1% y 3,7%, respectivamente. El tiempo de pantalla prolongado (>6 horas por día), baja actividad física y dieta inadecuada se asociaron de manera independiente y significativa con una mayor sintomatología psicológica. Conclusión: la salud mental de los estudiantes de enfermería podría beneficiarse de implementarse iniciativas que promuevan estilos de vida saludables.


Objective: to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as their association with screen time, diet and physical activity, in a cohort comprised by nursing students. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 648 Nursing students. The instruments used were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Spanish Healthy Eating Index (Índice de Alimentación Saludable Español, IASE). Different multiple linear regression models were performed to analyze the association between anxiety/depression symptoms and screen time, diet and physical activity. Results: the prevalence values for anxiety and depression symptoms were 24.1% and 3.7%, respectively. Prolonged screen times (>6 hours a day), low levels of physical activity and inadequate diet were independently and significantly associated with deeper psychological symptoms. Conclusion: Nursing students' mental health might benefit from the implementation of initiatives promoting healthy lifestyles.


Objetivo: determinar a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e sua associação com tempo de tela, dieta e atividade física em uma coorte de estudantes de enfermagem. Método: estudo descritivo transversal com amostra de 648 estudantes de enfermagem. Utilizou-se a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, a versão curta do International Physical Activity Questionnaire e o Índice Espanhol de Alimentação Saudável. Foram realizados diferentes modelos de regressão linear múltipla para analisar a associação entre sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e tempo de tela, dieta e atividade física. Resultados: a prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão foi de 24,1% e 3,7%, respectivamente. O tempo prolongado de tela (>6 horas por dia), a baixa atividade física e a dieta inadequada foram associados de forma independente e significativa ao aumento da sintomatologia psicológica. Conclusão: a saúde mental dos estudantes de enfermagem pode ser beneficiada com a implementação de iniciativas que promovam estilos de vida saudáveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Students, Nursing , Exercise , Cross-Sectional Studies , Screen Time , Psychological Distress
17.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 43(4)dic. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533955

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Diet-based interventions may be a culturally acceptable option to decrease mercury levels and thus prevent the adverse effects of this metal on population health. Selenium is an element present in Colombian geology that can act as a chelator, decreasing mercury concentrations in the human body. Objective. To identify potentially useful selenium-rich foods to control the effects of mercury exposure among Afro-Colombians. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 320 individuals from five municipalities of Chocó. They were asked about the frequency of consumption of selenium-rich foods, and their association with mercury concentrations in hair was estimated with multiple robust regression. Results. Guava, whole wheat flour, strawberries, cow liver, spinach and yeast extract were the foods with higher consumption. Walnuts, whole wheat flour, and yeast extract were identified in multiple robust regression as foods to consider in future interventions. Conclusion. It is proposed that the banana juice, the pineapple colada, the borojó (Borojoa patinoi) sorbet, the cucas, and the enyucado are basic elements for a culturally acceptable intervention.


Introducción. Las intervenciones basadas en la dieta pueden ser una opción culturalmente aceptable para disminuir los niveles de mercurio y prevenir los efectos adversos de este metal en la salud de la población. El selenio es un elemento presente en la geología colombiana que puede actuar como quelante, disminuyendo las concentraciones de mercurio en el cuerpo humano. Objetivo. Identificar los alimentos ricos en selenio potencialmente útiles para controlar los efectos de la exposición a mercurio entre afrocolombianos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 320 individuos de cinco municipios del departamento del Chocó. Se les preguntó sobre la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ricos en selenio y su asociación con las concentraciones de mercurio en cabello fue estimada con regresión múltiple robusta. Resultados. La guayaba, la harina de trigo integral, las fresas, el hígado de vaca, la espinaca y el extracto de levadura fueron los alimentos de mayor consumo. Las nueces, la harina de trigo integral y el extracto de levadura fueron identificados en regresión múltiple robusta como alimentos por considerar en futuras intervenciones. Conclusiones. Se propone que el jugo de plátano, la piña colada, el sorbete de borojó (Borojoa patinoi), las cucas, el enyucado y la sábida de plátano primitivo maduro son elementos básicos para una intervención culturalmente aceptable.

18.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 45(6): 498-505, Nov.-Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534004

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Rural residents are exposed to many risk factors for poor diet quality, such as low socioeconomic status and food insecurity. However, the differences between urban and rural residents regarding the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with cognitive performance have not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with cognitive performance in urban and rural areas in a nationally representative sample of Brazilian older adults. Methods: The sample included 9,412 adults aged 50 years or older from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros [ELSI]). The association between consumption of fruits and vegetables and cognitive performance was evaluated using linear regression. Results: In 8,158 participants (mean age 61.6 ± 9.3 years, 54% women, 44% White, and 15% from rural areas), the mean frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption was 2.0 ± 1.3 times a day. Higher intake of fruits and vegetables was associated with better memory (β = 0.031, 95%CI 0.014-0.049), verbal fluency (β = 0.030, 95%CI 0.004-0.056), and global cognition (β = 0.035, 95%CI 0.015-0.055) performance in urban, but not rural residents (p for interaction = 0.036). Conclusion: Higher frequency of fruit and vegetable intake was associated with better cognitive performance in urban, but not in rural areas in Brazil.

19.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535279

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analizar el patrón alimentario y el riesgo de deficiencia en la ingesta usual de energía y nutrientes de las mujeres gestantes y lactantes de algunos pueblos indígenas. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal, con información del componente de ingesta dietética tomada del Estudio nacional de la situación alimentaria y nutricional de los pueblos indígenas de Colombia, realizado entre 2013 y 2019, que incluyó 1028 mujeres indígenas gestantes (319) y lactantes (709), de las regiones norte y sur del país. Resultados: Se encontró una proporción superior al 90 % (Desviación estándar = 0,04) de gestantes y lactantes con consumo inferior al recomendado de calorías (p= 0,038). Alrededor del 70 % de las gestantes y lactantes no consumió lácteos el día anterior a la encuesta, y 50 % no consumió frutas y verduras. Con respecto a los micronutrientes, se encontraron, en las gestantes y lactantes, altas prevalencias del riesgo de deficiencia en la ingesta de vitamina C (50,3 y 80,2 %), folatos (80,4 y 95,1 %), zinc (87,6 y 96,3 %), hierro (88,9 y 68,6 %) y calcio (87,5 y 98,5 %). Conclusión: El consumo de alimentos y nutrientes en las mujeres indígenas gestantes y lactantes es deficiente en nutrientes claves para mantener su estado de salud y proporcionar los nutrientes necesarios a su bebé, y su patrón alimentario se clasifica como no saludable.


Objective: To analyze the dietary pattern and deficiency risk in the usual energy and nutrient intake of pregnant and lactating women from some indigenous peoples. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study, with information from the dietary intake component taken from the National Survey of the food and nutritional situation of indigenous peoples in Colombia, conducted between 2013 and 2019, which included 1,028 pregnant (319) and lactating (709) indigenous women from the northern and southern regions of the country. Results: A proportion higher than 90% (SD = 0.04) of pregnant and lactating women with lower than recommended calorie intake was found (p = 0.038). Around 70% of pregnant and lactating women had no any dairy products the day before the survey, and 50% did not eat fruits and vegetables. Regarding micronutrients, high prevalence of deficiency risk in the intake of vitamin C (50.3 and 80.2%), folate (80.4 and 95.1%), zinc (87.6 and 96.3%), iron (88.9 and 68.6%) and calcium (87.5 and 98.5%) was found in pregnant and lactating women. Conclusion: Food and nutrient intake in pregnant and lactating indigenous women is deficient in key nutrients to maintain their general health and provide the necessary nutrients to their babies. Their dietary pattern is considered unhealthy.


Objetivo: Analisar o padrão alimentar e o risco de deficiência na ingestão usual de energia e nutrientes das mulheres gestantes e lactantes de alguns povos indígenas. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo transversal, com informação do componente de ingesta dietética tirada do Estudo nacional da situação alimentar e nutricional dos povos indígenas da Colômbia, realizado entre 2013 e 2019, que incluiu 1028 mulheres indígenas gestantes (319) e lactantes (709) das regiões norte e sul do país. Resultados: Encontrou-se uma proporção superior a 90% (Desvio-padrão = 0,04) de gestantes e lactantes com consumo inferior ao recomendado em calorias (p = 0,038). Ao redor de 70% das gestantes e lactantes não consumiu lácteos no dia prévio à enquete, e 50% não consumiu frutas e verduras. No que se refere aos micronutrientes, acharam-se nas gestantes e lactantes altas prevalências de risco de deficiência na ingestão de vitamina C (50,3 e 80,2 %), folatos (80,4 e 95,1 %), zinco (87,6 e 96,3 %), ferro (88,9 e 68,6 %) e cálcio (87,5 e 98,5 %). Conclusão: O consumo de alimentos e nutrientes nas mulheres indígenas gestantes e lactantes é deficiente em nutrientes-chave para manter seu estado de saúde e proporcionar os nutrientes necessários para o bebê; seu padrão alimentar classifica-se como não saudável.

20.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(6): e202202982, dic. 2023. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1517934

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) presentan dificultades de adaptación a situaciones estresantes, como la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto del primer año de pandemia en las dificultades alimentarias de niños con TEA. Población y métodos. Se invitó a participar a cuidadores de niños con TEA no sindromático (edad: 2-18 años) de una unidad de neurodesarrollo. Los participantes respondieron en línea un cuestionario y la escala de evaluación de problemas de conducta alimentaria (BPFAS por su sigla en inglés) antes y durante el primer año de pandemia. Se calculó un puntaje de prioridad (producto entre promedio de frecuencia y problema) para cada ítem del BPFAS. Resultados. El 56,6 % (86/152) de los cuidadores contestó la encuesta (madre 74,4 %), mediana de edad 6,3 años (p25-p75: 4,7-8,2); el 80,2 % de los niños eran de sexo masculino; el 58,1 % mantuvo terapia durante la pandemia y el 61,6 % presentaba problemas de comportamiento previo a esta. Durante el primer año de pandemia, los niños presentaron mayor intensidad en dificultades conductuales (34,9 %) y de alimentación (61,6 %); sin embargo, el 31,4 % refirió mejoría en la alimentación. No existieron diferencias significativas entre puntajes BPFAS antes y durante la pandemia. Los ítems con mayor puntaje de prioridad fueron "se levanta de la mesa durante la hora de comer", "no probar alimentos nuevos", "no come verduras", "no come frutas". Conclusiones. Hubo alta frecuencia de dificultades en las conductas alimentarias durante el primer año de pandemia. No se presentaron diferencias en las características de estas conductas antes y durante la pandemia.


Introduction. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties adapting to stressful situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective. To assess the impact of the first year of the pandemic on feeding difficulties in children with ASD. Population and methods. The caregivers of children and adolescents with non-syndromic ASD (age: 2­18 years) from a neurodevelopment unit were invited to participate. Participants completed a questionnaire and the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) online before and during the first year of the pandemic. A priority score (product between the average frequency and the problem) for each BPFAS item was estimated. Results. Among the caregivers, 56.6% (86/152) completed the survey (mother: 74.4%); children's median age was 6.3 years (p25­p75: 4.7­8.2); 80.2% of children were males; 58.1% continued with their therapy during the pandemic; and 61.6% had behavioral problems before the pandemic. During the first year of the pandemic, children had greater behavioral problems (34.9%) and feeding difficulties (61.6%); however, 31.4% of caregivers referred improvements in feeding. There were no significant differences in the BPFAS scores before and during the pandemic. The following items obtained the highest priority scores: gets up from table during meal, does not try new food, does not eat vegetables, does not eat fruits. Conclusions. A high frequency of feeding difficulties was noted during the first year of the pandemic. No differences were observed in feeding characteristics before and during the pandemic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology , COVID-19 , Feeding Behavior , Pandemics , Mothers
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